One justification for federal funding of the transcontinental railroads was the need to save California for the Union, but by the time construction got underway, the Civil War was over and California was safe. The railroads were built ahead of demand, floundered in bankruptcy, and created political and economic problems that plagued the West for a generation.
By night a ferry shall carry amidships in addition to sidelights, and the forward and stern lights prescribed by Rule 23(a) a blue light over a white light not less than 2 metres or more than 3 metres apart visible all round the horizon at least 1 mile.
Byelaw 29(2) caught my eye:
When the headroom of an arch or span is reduced, but still open to traffic, the following signals shall be suspended from the centre of that arch.
By day – a bundle of straw large enough to be easily visible.
Might be about time to update that signal. I guess we can be thankful it has already been updated from the old practice of hanging screaming convicts or rotting animal corpses.
A single cigar can potentially provide as much nicotine as a pack of cigarettes.
[…]
A higher level of cancer-causing substances: During the fermentation process for cigar tobacco, high concentrations of cancer-causing nitrosamines are produced. These compounds are released when a cigar is smoked. Nitrosamines are found at higher levels in cigar smoke than in cigarette smoke.
More tar: For every gram of tobacco smoked, there is more cancer-causing tar in cigars than in cigarettes.
A higher level of toxins: Cigar wrappers are less porous than cigarette wrappers. The nonporous cigar wrapper makes the burning of cigar tobacco less complete than the burning of cigarette tobacco. As a result, cigar smoke has higher concentrations of toxins than cigarette smoke.
Furthermore, the larger size of most cigars (more tobacco) and longer smoking time result in higher exposure to many toxic substances (including carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, ammonia, cadmium, and other substances).
a blog about the poetry of information security, since 1995
