NYTimes.com highlights a secret mission authorized by Bush to attack Al Qaeda anywhere in the world:

These military raids, typically carried out by Special Operations forces, were authorized by a classified order that Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld signed in the spring of 2004 with the approval of President Bush, the officials said. The secret order gave the military new authority to attack the Qaeda terrorist network anywhere in the world, and a more sweeping mandate to conduct operations in countries not at war with the United States.

This immediately begs a question of why full-scale conventional war is still being pursued as the primary option if covert operations are more effective at eliminating the enemy. Even more to the point, this is exactly what many people (even Tom Clancy, if you follow Rogue Spear) advocated as the next natural order of international security.

Perhaps most interesting, however, is the obvious connection to the Ethiopian invasion of Somalia. I speculated at the time that the US was destabilizing the Somali government specifically to ensure America would able to continue military operations there without requiring approval or facing political resistance (e.g. pesky laws and notions of sovereignty). This seemed eerily similar to French and South African military strategy in Africa. The NY Times has confirmed this:

For example, shortly after Ethiopian troops crossed into Somalia in late 2006 to dislodge an Islamist regime in Mogadishu, the Pentagon’s Joint Special Operations Command quietly sent operatives and AC-130 gunships to an airstrip near the Ethiopian town of Dire Dawa. From there, members of a classified unit called Task Force 88 crossed repeatedly into Somalia to hunt senior members of a Qaeda cell believed to be responsible for the 1998 American Embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania.

At the time, American officials said Special Operations troops were operating under a classified directive authorizing the military to kill or capture Qaeda operatives if failure to act quickly would mean the United States had lost a “fleeting opportunity” to neutralize the enemy.

Occasionally, the officials said, Special Operations troops would land in Somalia to assess the strikes’ results. On Jan. 7, 2007, an AC-130 struck an isolated fishing village near the Kenyan border, and within hours, American commandos and Ethiopian troops were examining the rubble to determine whether any Qaeda operatives had been killed.

Although a stable Somalia would be good for the people living there, good for the stability of the Horn of Africa, and even good for the safety and security of the shipping trades along the coast including petroleum from the Gulf, the current US administration clearly preferred the option of extra-legal and covert control of the region to eliminate a few operatives.

The Deutsche Welle profiles a film a about a controversial artist:

Doerte Franke’s documentary, titled simply “Stolperstein,” or “Stumbling Stone,” first drew acclaim when it featured at the Locarno Film Festival in Switzerland in July.

The film takes viewers on a journey with Cologne-based artist, Gunter Demnig, the man behind the stumbling stones — miniature memorials to victims of Nazi persecution — that have become part of city streets in more than 300 locations in Germany alone.

The stumbling stones are topped with square brass plaques inscribed with the names and birth dates of people who were deported by the Nazis, as well as the date and location of their death, if known. The stones are embedded in the sidewalk outside the person’s former address so that passersby can literally stumble across these reminders of the terrible fate suffered by Jews, Roma, homosexuals and political dissidents under Adolf Hitler’s Nazi regime.

It is said 17,000 stones have been installed in the past eight years. That rate will take almost 3,000 years to honor just 6,000,000 victims. Berlin and Hamburg make up about 5,000 stones together, while Munich of course has tried to block the project. Why do they object? Could it be related to property value or just a matter of a conservative Munich being a stick-in-the-mud until public reaction is more clear?

Franke’s camera follows the artist at the small ceremonies when the privately-financed stones are laid. The production and embedding of a single stone costs 95 euros (about $120). Often, the victim’s family members are shown in the film. But the camera also captures the reactions of passersby, or shows the team of women in Hamburg who’ve taken it upon themselves to regularly clean and polish the brass stones.

I really like Hamburg; definitely one of the top cities in Europe.

Seventy years ago, on November 9th, 1938, was the Night of Broken Glass in Germany:

Flames leapt into the sky across Germany when the Nazis gave a foretaste of the Holocaust in the vicious pogrom against the Jewish community. By the time the rampage had ended, thousands of Jewish homes, businesses and synagogues had been burned down or looted by thugs as police and fire brigades looked on.

[…]

More than 400 people were beaten to death, shot or driven to suicide, records show. More than 30,000 were rounded up and packed off to concentration camps.

A museum has apparently just opened to commemorate Germans who helped hide others from Nazi persecution. Meanwhile, a new generation of Nazi sympathizers in Germany has emerged:

Figures disclosed by the government on Tuesday showed there were nearly 800 anti-Semitic crimes committed during the first nine months of this year, resulting in injuries to 27 people.

The British government, for comparison, reported over 300 anti-Semitic incidents in England during the first eight months of 2007.