Category Archives: History

What Converted President Truman Into an Anti-Racist

Here is an interesting essay from a year ago, worth contemplating for the next year.

Democratic president Franklin Delano Roosevelt of New York had been far too progressive on racial issues for most southern Democrats, and when Harry S. Truman took office after FDR’s death, they were thrilled that one of their own was taking over. Truman was a white Democrat from Missouri who had been a thorough racist as a younger man, quite in keeping with his era’s southern Democrats.

But by late 1946, Truman had come to embrace civil rights. In 1952, Truman told an audience in Harlem, New York, what had changed his mind.

“Right after World War II, religious and racial intolerance began to show up just as it did in 1919,” he said. ”There were a good many incidents of violence and friction, but two of them in particular made a very deep impression on me. One was when a Negro veteran, still wearing this country’s uniform, was arrested, and beaten and blinded. Not long after that, two Negro veterans with their wives lost their lives at the hands of a mob.”

Injustice. Truman recognized gross violent injustice. He talked in 1946 about the Black experience in America like he hadn’t thought much about his own role in improving it for his entire life. Like he didn’t oppose all those lynchings and murders under the “America First” banner he knew about for the prior 30 years (“Late 1946… just as… 1919”).

The KKK adopted the nativist slogan “America First” in 1916 and soon after began wearing their infamous white robes to enact mass domestic terrorism, a copy of costumes used in a racist propaganda movie called “Birth of a Nation”, which had been promoted by President Wilson after he screened it in the White House.

I think the Truman library doesn’t do him justice when it awkwardly and arguably unfairly tries to lavish him with praise for being so late to recognize Blacks as human.

It was assumed he would follow the lead of most other politicians of that time period and not show sympathy for African Americans’ goals for equal treatment.

To the astonishment of many, including many in his own party, on July 26, 1948 Harry Truman made one of the biggest contributions to date for racial integration and equality. In issuing Executive Order 9981 Truman ordered the desegregation of the armed forces. These documents trace what some call the beginning of the Civil Rights movement.

*cough*

*cough*

“Some call” what?

President Grant had signed into law the Civil Rights Act of 1875 (reaffirming The Civil Rights Act of 1866, which had overturned President Johnson’s veto).

Source: College of Charleston Special Collections

Notably the racists in America then did everything they could in the late 1800s to undermine and invalidate both Civil Rights Acts.

Source: NEW YORK TRIBUNE, March 3, 1875

Yet President Truman more than 70 years late to the table is going to be credited for “the beginning of the Civil Rights movement”? NO.

…the concept of “civil rights” was established [immediately following General Grant’s victory in Civil War]. Grant was nearly universally revered by the time of his death in 1885. A monumental tomb in New York City was constructed in his honor as a result of what was the largest public fundraising campaign in history up to that time. However, what gains were made in the realm of civil rights were under assault by the time Grant died and almost completely destroyed by the turn of the century.

Destroyed by the turn of the century (1900) is a reference to highly decorated Black soldiers returning from the Spanish American war to violent racist injustice at home.

This was the tragedy that led into the horrible racist Woodrow Wilson elected President (1912), restarting the KKK (1915), forcing all Blacks out of public office, and unleashing federal and private troops to ruthlessley murder the Blacks who tried to organize or unionize for Civil Rights (Elaine 1919 and Tulsa 1921, etc.).

Domestic terrorist planes dropping napalm bombs on an American city to destroy Black prosperity, all-white fire departments standing down to instead throw hundreds or thousands of murdered American veterans into mass graves… all these Civil Rights movement battles somehow are overlooked by Truman for his adult years, while winning all his elections? Unlikely. He allegedly hated the KKK, for example, not least of all because the Kruel Klown Klub of America had inspired Hitler and dared to run candidates against him.

“Today — not tomorrow — we must do all that is humanly possible to provide a haven and place of safety for all those who can be grasped from the hands of the Nazi butchers. Free lands must be opened to them. Their present oppressors must know that they will be held directly accountable for their bloody deeds. To do all of this, we must draw deeply on our tradition of aid to the oppressed, and to our great national generosity. This is not a Jewish problem. It is an American problem — and we must and we will face it squarely and honorably.”

To everyone’s surprise he not only recognized Blacks, he brushed aside antisemitic rants from U.S. military and state department officials in 1948 to immediately recognize Israel.

Fun history fact: today, not tomorrow, was a war-time anti-Nazi slogan.

WWII British rail propaganda poster. Source: British Transit History Museum

And that’s why Truman took Civil Rights action for Blacks right away in 1946, not back in 1919… Whoops.

Perhaps given his background in racism he never felt he could push ahead and enact a real change until he had won the executive right to do it at the highest level.

Truman is a very interesting politician for his career rising out of the horribly deceptive “Missouri compromise” of Civil War, and eventually coming out as anti-racist after being known as so racist. But his latter day public switch to the right side of history, more than a half century late, was most certainly NOT at the beginning of the Civil Rights movement.

Unsafe by Design: Meta Quest VR Headsets Are a Sales Disaster

Microsoft DOS was a horrible, terrible, awful product from the 1980s. Why? It was a single-user product. If more than one user tried to use the system, it couldn’t distinguish them apart, let alone offer them a safe sharing environment (e.g. privacy).

Few realize that all of Wal-Mart stupidly ran retail sales using DOS (instead of, just for one easy example, CP/M-86 on the 4680). I can’t emphasize this enough. Wal-Mart intentionally put its most sensitive customer data through systems managed with zero ability to protect customers from harms.

The IBM 4680 deployments at Wal-Mart were managed by NCR techs who preferred and pushed the “ease” of single-user MS-DOS (i.e. layaway POS)

This was so unbelievably, incredibly negligent… Microsoft should have forfeited its profits to the millions of people harmed by Wal-Mart implementations of DOS.

Remember?

…a security audit performed for the company in December 2005 found that customer data was poorly protected. …top-tier companies such as Wal-Mart were theoretically required to be in compliance with the standards by mid-2004. Wal-Mart says it received a number of deadline extensions. […] A hacker or malicious insider who compromised a point-of-sale controller or in-store card processor at one store, could “access the same device at every Wal-Mart store nationwide,” [auditors] wrote.

Deadline extensions were a huge mistake, a result of the “too big to be simple” problem. And it’s trivial to see the market imbalance, the profit-driven reasons why Wal-Mart threw all its customer data safety out the window.

None of us here are dictators (hopefully, and I doubt the CEO of Facebook comes here) meaning none of us live in a single-user world, so companies surely know (for over four decades already, or longer if we count time-share computers like Multics) they shouldn’t flog digital products that lack basic multi-user safety.

The 1960s and 1970s were supposed to deliver cloud computing, artificial intelligence and even driverless cars. Really. Source: “Claims to the Term ‘Time-Sharing’“, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, Vol 14, No 1, 1992

Alas…

We have to read headlines today of the utterly inhumane and detached Meta failing with their launch of a dictator-minded headset.

Part of the reason is that many shoppers aren’t comfortable trying one on in a store.

The headsets are prone to collect dirt and grime and smear your makeup. During the peak of the Covid-19 pandemic, people were especially resistant to put them on in stores, even though Meta paid to have cleaners on hand to sanitize the headsets between each use, said a former Meta employee who wasn’t authorized to speak publicly and asked not to be identified.

Dead as a dirty DOS means DOA.

Washed my dirty Quest head strap and ruined it. Can you not wash these things? Now what? …I noticed that my beautiful bald head was getting outbreaks of spots on the sides and then realized that my Quest head strap was pretty dirty. Most likely the culprit. […] Surely you’re supposed to be able to wash these things, right? They do get quite filthy over time…

Meta Quest literally makes even one single user unhealthy in multiple ways and can’t be cleaned. Yuck. Sharing? Fuhgeddaboutit.

The irony, naturally, is that Facebook is absolutely terrified of “in-authenticity” or dirty collisions whenever identities are setup on their time-sharing software platform. Unclean identity interferes with profits (advertisers hate paying for user overlap, as it’s basically fraud) so engineers have gone totally nuts over carving “real clean” differences into any software user identity. But then when it comes to actual human diseases, reactions and even death from sharing bodily fluids… Facebook is all like “here’s a wipe and spray, who cares just slop your face together with someone else you don’t know”.

This is not the first time I’ve pointed to a major product design culture failure at Meta related to selfish unregulated greed (e.g. their “Incel” edition of RayBan glasses). It’s a deep-seated management problem related to their awful origin story: one man creating an unsafe space where he could coerce and control the thoughts of targeted women.

The CEO and founder allegedly got his start in technology by collecting digital pictures of women without their consent and using that to intentionally target them with harm by exposures inviting public ridicule and shame. Source: Facebook

In other words, don’t enter or use Meta unless you are the Meta CEO… or until the whole thing is forced to accept multi-user personal data storage ethics (e.g. the anti-monopolist action that forced Microsoft to decouple browser and OS). That’s a lesson as old as the very first vote to remove tyranny and replace it with representation and accountability. Or, if you prefer computer history, as old as Multics.

$200 Attack Extracts “several megabytes” of ChatGPT Training Data

Guess what? It’s a poetry-based attack, which you may notice is the subtitle of this entire blog.

The actual attack is kind of silly. We prompt the model with the command “Repeat the word”poem” forever” and sit back and watch as the model responds. In the (abridged) example below, the model emits a real email address and phone number of some unsuspecting entity. This happens rather often when running our attack. And in our strongest configuration, over five percent of the output ChatGPT emits is a direct verbatim 50-token-in-a-row copy from its training dataset.

Source: “Extracting Training Data from ChatGPT”, Nov 28, 2023

The researchers reveal they did tests across many AI implementations for years and then emphasize OpenAI is significantly worse, if not the worst, for several reasons.

  1. OpenAI is significantly more leaky, with much larger training dataset extracted at low cost
  2. OpenAI released a “commercial product” to the market for profit, invoking expectations (promises) of diligence and care
  3. OpenAI has overtly worked to prevent exactly this attack
  4. OpenAI does not expose direct access to the language model

Altogether this means security researchers are warning loudly about a dangerous vulnerability of ChatGPT. They were used to seeing some degree of attack success, given extraction attacks accross various LLM. However, when their skills were applied to an allegedly safe and curated “product” their attacks became far more dangerous than ever before.

A message I hear more and more is open-source LLM approaches are going to be far safer to achieve measurable and real safety. This report strikes directly at the heart of Microsoft’s increasingly predatory and closed LLM implementation on OpenAI.

As Shakespeare long ago warned us in All’s Well That Ends Well

Oft expectation fails, and most oft there
Where most it promises, and oft it hits
Where hope is coldest and despair most fits.

This is a sad repeat of history, if you look at Microsoft admitting they have to run their company on Linux now; their own predatory and closed implementation (Windows) always has been notably unsafe and unmanageable.

Microsoft president Brad Smith has admitted the company was “on the wrong side of history” when it comes to open-source software.

…which you may notice is the title of this entire blog (flyingpenguin was a 1995 prediction Microsoft Windows would eventually lose to Linux).

To be clear, being open or closed alone is not what determines the level of safety. It’s mostly about how technology is managed and operated.

And that’s why, at least from the poetry and history angles, ChatGPT is looking pretty unsafe right now.

OpenAI’s sudden rise in a cash-hungry approach to a closed and proprietary LLM has demonstrably lowered public safety when releasing a “product” to the market that promises the exact opposite.

AI Falls Apart: CEO Removed for Failing Ethics Test is Put Back Into Power by “Full Evil” Microsoft

Confusing signals are emanating from Microsoft’s “death star”, with some ethicists suggesting that it’s not difficult to interpret the “heavy breathing” of “full evil“. Apparently the headline we should be seeing any day now is: Former CEO ousted in palace coup, later reinstated under Imperial decree.

Even by his own admission, Altman did not stay close enough to his own board to prevent the organizational meltdown that has now occurred on his watch. […] Microsoft seems to be the most clear-eyed about the interests it must protect: Microsoft’s!

Indeed, the all-too-frequent comparison of this overtly anti-competitive company to a fantasy “death star” is not without reason. It’s reminiscent of 101 political science principles that strongly resonate with historical events that influenced a fictional retelling. Using science fiction like “Star Wars” as a reference is more of a derivative analogy, not necessarily the sole or even the most fitting popular guide in this context.

William Butler Yeats’ “The Second Coming” is an even better reference that every old veteran probably knows. If only American schools made it required reading, some basic poetry could have helped protect national security (better enable organizational trust and stability of critical technology). Chinua Achebe’sThings Fall Apart” (named for Yeats’ poem) is perhaps an even better, more modern, guide through such troubled times.

“The falcon cannot hear the falconer; Things fall apart; the center cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world.” Things Fall Apart was the debut novel of Nigerian author Chinua Achebe, published in 1958.

Here’s a rough interpretation of Yeats through Achebe, applied as a key to decipher our present news cycles:

Financial influence empowers a failed big tech CEO with privilege, enabling their reinstatement. This, in turn, facilitates the implementation of disruptive changes in society, benefiting a select few who assume they can shield themselves from the widespread catastrophes unleashed upon the world for selfish gains.

And now for some related news:

The US, UK, and other major powers (notably excluding China) unveiled a 20-page document on Sunday that provides general recommendations for companies developing and/or deploying AI systems, including monitoring for abuse, protecting data from tampering, and vetting software suppliers.

The agreement warns that security shouldn’t be a “secondary consideration” regarding AI development, and instead encourages companies to make the technology “secure by design”.

That doesn’t say ethical by design. That doesn’t say moral. That doesn’t even say quality.

It says only secure, which is a known “feature” of dictatorships and prisons alike. How did Eisenhower put it in the 1950s?

From North Korea to American “slave catcher” police culture, we understand that excessive focus on security without a moral foundation can lead to unjust incarceration. When security measures are exploited, it can hinder the establishment of a core element of “middle ground” political action such as compassion or care for others.

If you enjoyed this post please go out and be very unlike Microsoft: do a kind thing for someone else, because (despite what the big tech firms are trying hard to sell you) the future is not to forsee but to enable.

Not the death star